Ocean Freight

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What is Ocean Freight?

Ocean freight is the movement of goods by sea using cargo vessels between ports in different countries. Transit times are generally longer than air freight, so ocean freight works best when shipments can be planned and scheduled in advance. This methos is widely used for international trade as it can carry large volumes efficiently, from containerised goods (FCL and LCL) to specialised cargo such as refrigerated, breakbulk, or out-of-gauge shipments. 

  • Full container load (FCL): One shipper uses the container exclusively, which suits higher volumes and reduces shared handling.

  • Less than container load (LCL): Multiple shippers share container space, which suits smaller shipments and helps manage cost when volume is limited.
     

Ocean freight moves large volumes at a lower unit cost in comparison to air freight. It is also more carbon-efficient per tonne-mile than air transport, making it a common choice for planned, high-volume supply chains.

What Influences the Cost of Ocean Freight

  • Distance and lane: Longer routes and specific trade lanes can affect base rates.

  • Volume and weight: Pricing depends on container type (FCL) or chargeable volume/weight (LCL).

  • Surcharges and local charges: Items such as fuel-related surcharges, currency adjustments, and port or terminal fees may apply.